The Ultrasonic Test (UT) is reflected if the high frequency sound waves sent into the material hit an obstacle on the sound path. Depending on the angle of impact, the reflected signal may or may not come to the receiving probe. The reflected signal reaching the receiving probe creates an echo indication on the screen of the ultrasonic inspection device. The coordinates of the reflector within the inspection part can be calculated according to the position of the echo. In addition, the height of the echo gives an idea of the size of the reflector. It may also be possible to make a comment about the type of reflector by looking at the shape of the echo signal.

High frequency sound waves are produced by a piezoelectric crystal in a piece called the probe. The frequency range used in the ultrasonic examination of metallic materials can be between 500 kHz and 10 MHz. The appropriate frequency is determined according to the microstructure characteristics of the inspection part. When the probe is in contact with the inspection surface, a suitable contact fluid (oil, grease, water, etc.) must be used so that sound waves can penetrate the material. By scanning the probe on the inspection surface (scanning), it is observed whether there are reverberations other than the reverberations arising from the part geometry, and if any, the locations and heights of these reverbs are evaluated and error analysis is performed.

Where can the Ultrasonic Test (UT) be used?
Ultrasonic testing is a test method that can be used to detect various discontinuities. Material thickness checks can be made to determine the degree of corrosion. This component is especially useful when it is accessible. Ultrasonic testing can also be used to detect imperfections that the radiographic examination cannot detect. Discontinuities such as lamination cannot be easily detected by X-ray when viewed perpendicular to the plane of the material; Ultrasonic testing is more suitable for this defect..

How is an Ultrasonic Test (UT) done?

1. Device calibrations are done by our inspector.
2. The cleanliness of the area to be tested is checked by our inspector. (If the cleaning area is not suitable, it will be cleaned in a suitable way.)
3. Probe Selection is Made According to Material Thickness. (45 °, 60 °, 70 ° etc.)
4. Contact fluid is applied to the area to be tested by our inspector.
5. The test is started.
6. Reflection data coming to the ultrasonic flaw detector is recorded and evaluated by our inspector.
7. The findings are marked on the material in the field, the report format is prepared by our inspector and transferred to digital media.

What Are The Standards About Ultrasonic Testing?

General:

EN ISO 16810 - Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic inspection: General rules.
EN ISO 16811 - Nondestructive testing - Ultrasonic inspection: Sensitivity and range adjustment.
EN ISO 16823 - Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic inspection: Transition technique.
EN ISO 16826 - Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic inspection: For inspection of discontinuities perpendicular to the surface.
EN ISO 16827 - Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic inspection: Characterization and sizing of defects.
EN ISO 16828 - Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic inspection - Flight / transition time diffraction technique (TOFD) as a method for determining and measuring discontinuities.
EN 12668-1 - Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic inspection equipment - Part 1: Devices.
EN 12668-2 - Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic inspection equipment - Part 2: Probes
EN 12668-3 - Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic inspection equipment - Part 3: Combined equipment
EN ISO 2400 - Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic inspection - Features for calibration block No.1
EN ISO 7963 - Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic inspection - Features for calibration block No.2
EN ISO 1330-4 - Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Part 4: Terms used in Ultrasonic Inspection

Resources:
EN ISO 11666 - Non-destructive testing of resources - Ultrasonic inspection - Acceptance levels
EN ISO 23279 - Non-destructive testing of resources - Ultrasonic inspection - Characterization of symptoms in resources
EN ISO 17640 - Non-destructive testing of resources - Ultrasonic inspection - Techniques, test limits and evaluation
EN ISO 10863 - Non-destructive inspection of resources - Ultrasonic inspection - Flight / transit time diffraction technique use (TOFD)
EN ISO 22825 - Non-destructive testing of welds - Ultrasonic inspection - Inspection of welds in austenitic steels and nickel-based alloys.

Castings:
EN 12680-1 - Casting-Ultrasonic inspection - Part 1: General purpose steel castings
EN 12680-2 - Casting-Ultrasonic inspection - Part 2: Steel casting components that will be exposed to high stresses
EN 12680-3 - Döküm-Ultrasonik muayene - Bölüm 3: Küresel grafitli demir dökümler

Steel tattoos:
EN 10228-3 - Non-destructive testing of steel tattoos - Part 3: Ultrasonic inspection of ferritic or martensitic steel tattoos
EN 10228-4 - Non-destructive testing of steel tattoos - Part 4: Ultrasonic examination of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel tattoos

Steel pipes:
EN ISO 10893-8 - Non-destructive testing of steel pipes - Part 8: Automatic ultrasonic inspection of seamless and welded steel pipes for detection of planar defects
EN ISO 10893-9 - Non-destructive testing of steel pipes - Part 9: Automatic ultrasonic inspection of steel strips / plates used in the manufacture of welded pipes for the detection of planar defects
EN ISO 10893-10 - Non-destructive testing of steel pipes - Part 10: Automatic full environmental ultrasonic inspection of seamless and welded (except submerged arc welding) steel pipes for the detection of longitudinal and / or transverse defects
EN ISO 10893-11 - Non-destructive testing of steel pipes - Part 11: Automatic ultrasonic inspection of the weld seam on welded steel pipes for detection of transverse and / or longitudinal defects.

Steel bars:
EN 10308 - Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic inspection of steel bars

Advantages of Ultrasonic Test (UT)

• Only one side of the material is local,
• Can be used in a wide variety of materials.
• It is the most suitable method to find planar internal discontinuities.
• Devices are Portable.
• High penetration ability.
• Ability to get instant results.
• Ability to integrate into automated systems.